摘要 :
In order to determine the adequacy with which safety problems on low-volume ruralroadways were addressed by the four states of Federal Region VII, a review was made of the states' safety policies. After reviewing literature dealin...
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In order to determine the adequacy with which safety problems on low-volume ruralroadways were addressed by the four states of Federal Region VII, a review was made of the states' safety policies. After reviewing literature dealing with the identification of hazardous locations, evaluation methodologies, and system-wide safety improvements, a survey of the states' safety policies was conducted. An official from each state was questioned about the various aspects and procedures dealing with safety improvements. After analyzing and comparing the remarkably diverse policies, recommendations were made in the form of a model safety program. This program included special modifications that would help remediate hazards on low-volume rural roadways. Especially encouraged is a system-wide approach to improvement which would cover all parts of the highway system, not just urban and high-volume roadways.
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Work zone delay and safety clearly fit into three of FHWA's five strategic goals:211 safety, mobility, and productivity. For the FHWA to achieve our strategic goals 211 and objectives, it will have to assume a proactive leadership...
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Work zone delay and safety clearly fit into three of FHWA's five strategic goals:211 safety, mobility, and productivity. For the FHWA to achieve our strategic goals 211 and objectives, it will have to assume a proactive leadership role in promoting 211 work zone traffic management techniques, engaging all of the stakeholders in a 211 comprehensive cooperative effort, creating new partnerships for work zone 211 education, and dedicating the resources needed to develop and/or enhance the 211 tools needed by the State and local transportation agencies to achieve the state-211 of-the-art.
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A review was conducted to identify the tasks, functions, and activities that theFederal-aid (FA) Division currently performs related to highway safety. The team visited nine States and conducted meetings with various agencies and ...
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A review was conducted to identify the tasks, functions, and activities that theFederal-aid (FA) Division currently performs related to highway safety. The team visited nine States and conducted meetings with various agencies and organizations responsible for highway safety improvement programs and projects. The meetings were conducted between March and July 1997. Recommendations are provided to improve communication, implementation, and coordination of highway safety strategies within the FHWA and with partners.
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This report develops a proposed agenda of prioritized safety research needs in the area of highway infrastructure and operations. It was developed to provide options to the U.S. transportation community on how to direct research t...
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This report develops a proposed agenda of prioritized safety research needs in the area of highway infrastructure and operations. It was developed to provide options to the U.S. transportation community on how to direct research to the areas where it can provide the most benefit. The agenda is based on a prioritization methodology developed by the research team, which can be applied on a recurring basis to update the agenda over time. Both the agenda and the methodology documented in this report will provide valuable input to all those involved in the conduct and management of highway safety research at all levels of government, the private sector, and academia.
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On November 20, 1986 an international seminar on 'recent developments in road safety research' was held in The Hague. In the report the closing lecture is presented. The dynamic system approach of traffic safety with its principle...
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On November 20, 1986 an international seminar on 'recent developments in road safety research' was held in The Hague. In the report the closing lecture is presented. The dynamic system approach of traffic safety with its principles and the phase model of the accident process is presented.
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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) exists to reduce the human and economic costs of the transportation system. Building on the goals enumerated by the President and embodied in the Statement of National Tra...
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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) exists to reduce the human and economic costs of the transportation system. Building on the goals enumerated by the President and embodied in the Statement of National Transportation Policy, NHTSA will strive to reduce the number of crashes and to minimize the consequences of those crashes that occur. The report discusses the 3-year plan of action which focuses NHTSA's energy on: motor vehicle safety, traffic safety, and technology and innovation. Measurable goals in each area are identified. Working with the entire motor vehicle and traffic safety community, major improvements in highway safety are expected.
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The highway design process in Florida has been governed by design standards andpolicies developed by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). Most of these standards have been developed by highway designers based, at least...
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The highway design process in Florida has been governed by design standards andpolicies developed by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). Most of these standards have been developed by highway designers based, at least partly, on engineering judgement. In many cases the effects of highway design features on safety have not been estimated. In an effort to reduce the high crash and fatility rates in Florida, the FDOT is considering improving its design standards. This report presents the results of analyses performed to estimate the effects of several geometric design elements on total, injury and fatal crash rates for various types of rural and urban highways at different traffic levels. This report further presents cost-effectiveness analyses of many highway design standards. The cost components considered include the costs of crashes, highway construction, user travel time and vehicle operation. Finally, the report summaries the effects of FDOT design policies and standards on safety based on the results of the review of literature, regression analyses and benefit-cost analyses discussed above. Recommendations that can be given regarding any changes to these design policies and standards are also presented.
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The Safety Management System (SMS) is one of six management systems mandated bySection 1034 of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The overall goal of the SMS is to reduce the number and severity of ...
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The Safety Management System (SMS) is one of six management systems mandated bySection 1034 of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The overall goal of the SMS is to reduce the number and severity of traffic crashes. It is to be comprehensive in that it incorporates all public roads and all contributing factors associated with the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway. The objective of the study was to develop a procedure to implement a SMS for Kentucky. A recommended process is described. Agencies and organizations were identified which have a role or interest in traffic safety. Contacts were made with these agencies and organizations, and their activities in the area of traffic safety were described. The purpose of these contacts was to establish a safety inventory for the state. The composition of a Safety Management Steering Committee was recommended along with subcommittees in the general areas of roadway, human, and vehicle factors, as well as information services and evaluation. Data needs to be used in the implementation of the SMS were identified. An evaluation process was described. A schedule for the implementation of the SMS was recommended.
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Highway and street construction workers are at risk of fatal and serious nonfatalinjury when working in the vicinity of passing motorists, construction vehicles, and equipment. Each year, more than 100 workers are killed and over ...
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Highway and street construction workers are at risk of fatal and serious nonfatalinjury when working in the vicinity of passing motorists, construction vehicles, and equipment. Each year, more than 100 workers are killed and over 20,000 are injured in the highway and street construction industry. Vehicles and equipment operating in and around the work zone are involved in over half of the worker fatalities in this industry. Historically, efforts to reduce vehicle-related worker injuries in this industry have focused on improving traffic control devices and work zone configurations to minimize confusion of motorists passing through the work zone and to limit collisions involving motorists. The premise has been that by minimizing traffic collisions in work zones, worker injuries are minimized. However, fatality data indicate that workers being struck by a motorist passing through the work zone account for only half the vehicle-related fatalities among highway workers. To better understand these injury risks, NIOSH reviewed the current literature on highway safety, analyzed data on worker fatalities in the highway and street construction industry, and held a workshop with individuals from government, labor, industry, academia, and state departments of transportation.
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Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety analyses earlier in the ...
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Highway safety is an ongoing concern to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). As part of its proactive commitment to improving highway safety, TxDOT is moving toward including quantitative safety analyses earlier in the project development process. The objectives of this research project are: (1) the development of safety design guidelines and evaluation tools to be used by TxDOT designers, and (2) the production of a plan for the incorporation of these guidelines and tools in the planning and design stages of the project development process. This report describes the role and application of accident modification factors (AMFs) in the highway geometric design process. The potential applications of AMFs are identified and procedures for using AMFs are outlined. AMFs that can be used in design applications are also identified. Those AMFs that are needed to evaluate key highway design elements are identified. Recommendations are made regarding future research needed to enhance the use of AMFs in the design process.
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